Scientific Bangladesh

Publication Scenario of OIC Countries in 2020 from Scopus Database

Dr. Monir Uddin Ahmed & Dr. Mohsina Huq 

The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is the second largest inter-governmental organization in the world after the United Nations. It has 57 members with 1873.71 million populations (2019 data).  All the members of OIC together have 4,47,465 publications  and only 884 Patents in Scopus Database  in 2020 (data taken on 9-10 Februarym2021) .

On the hand, china has 1397.72 M population, has  752,729 publications and 8,562 patents.  Though china has 475.99 M less people than the 57 countries of OIC, it has published almost double publications and ten times of patents. 

However, Iran has highest  number of publications, where as Qatar has highest number (1909) publications/M population. On the other hand, Jordan has highest number of patents (410) among 57 countries in 2020.

Below  is the graphic and tabular presentation of  publication scenario of OIC countries.

1. Top ten countries in terms of total publications in 2020 in Scopus database

Table 1:  Number of Publications of OIC Countries in Scopus Database in 2020

Serial  No Name of the country Total publication
1 Iran   72691
2 Turkey   57918
3 Indonesia   48856
4 Malaysia   38192
5 Saudi Arabia   37805
6 Egypt   31950
7 Pakistan   29190
8 Iraq   18864
9 Nigeria   13748
10 United Arab Emirates   10552
11 Morocco   9700
12 Bangladesh   8466
13 Tunisia   8450
14 Algeria   8121
15 Jordan   6693
16 Qatar   5404
17 Kazakhstan   5296
18 Lebanon   4625
19 Uzbekistan   3751
20 Oman   2745
21 Kuwait   2473
22 Uganda   2443
23 Cameroon   2215
24 Azerbaijan   1750
25 Syria   1341
26 Sudan   1315
27 Palestine   1196
28 Yemen   1100
29 Bahrain   1040
30 Senegal   1008
31 Brunei   724
32 Libya   710
33 Burkina Faso   680
34 Mozambique   672
35 Benin   669
36 Ivory Coast   663
37 Albania   644
38 Kyrgyzstan   559
39 Guinea   481
40 Mali   350
41 Tajikistan   330
42 Afghanistan   305
43 Gambia   248
44 Togo   234
45 Sierra Leone   227
46 Gabon   223
47 Niger   219
48 Somalia   98
49 Maldives   96
50 Mauritania   91
51 Guyana   74
52 Chad   71
53 Suriname   65
54 Guinea-Bissau   64
55 Djibouti   37
56 Comoros   18
57 Turkmenistan   15
Total   4,47,465

2. Top Ten countries in terms of publications/million population

Table 2:  Number of Publications/million of population of OIC Countries in Scopus Database in 2020

Serial no Name of the country Publications/Millions of population
1 Qatar 1909
2 Brunei 1683
3 Malaysia 1195
4 Saudi Arabia 1103
5 United Arab Emirates 1080
6 Iran 876
7 Tunisia 722
8 Turkey 694
9 Lebanon 674
10 Jordan 662
11 Bahrain 634
12 Kuwait 587
13 Oman 552
14 Iraq 479
15 Egypt 318
16 Kazakhstan 286
17 Morocco 265
18 Palestine 255
19 Albania 225
20 Algeria 188
21 Maldives 181
22 Indonesia 180
23 Azerbaijan 174
24 Pakistan 134
25 Suriname 112
26 Uzbekistan 112
27 Gambia 105
28 Libya 104
29 Gabon 102
30 Guyana 94
31 Kyrgyzstan 86
32 Cameroon 85
33 Syria 75
34 Nigeria 68
35 Senegal 61
36 Benin 56
37 Uganda 55
38 Bangladesh 51
39 Djibouti 38
40 Yemen 38
41 Guinea 38
42 Tajikistan 35
43 Burkina Faso 33
44 Guinea-Bissau 33
45 Sudan 30
46 Sierra Leone 29
47 Togo 29
48 Ivory Coast 25
49 Mozambique 22
50 Comoros 21
51 Mauritania 20
52 Mali 17
53 Niger 9
54 Afghanistan 8
55 Somalia 6
56 Chad 4
57 Turkmenistan 2

 3. Top ten countries in terms of patents indexed in Scopus database

Out of 57 countries, only 22 countries have at least one patent.

 

 Table 3:  Number of Patents of OIC Countries In Scopus Database In 2020

Serial No Name of the country Patents
1 Jordan 410
2 Lebanon 152
3 Qatar 98
4 United Arab Emirates 60
5 Malaysia 57
6 Chad 23
7 Kuwait 21
8 Brunei 14
9 Palestine 11
10 Togo 11
11 Indonesia 4
12 Iran 4
13 Sudan 4
14 Saudi Arabia 3
15 Turkey 3
16 Bahrain 2
17 Mali 2
18 Azerbaijan 1
19 Bangladesh 1
20 Cameroon 1
21 Egypt 1
22 Oman 1
23 Afghanistan 0
24 Albania 0
25 Algeria 0
26 Benin 0
27 Burkina Faso 0
28 Comoros 0
29 Djibouti 0
30 Gabon 0
31 Gambia 0
32 Guinea 0
33 Guinea-Bissau 0
34 Guyana 0
35 Iraq 0
36 Ivory Coast 0
37 Kazakhstan 0
38 Kyrgyzstan 0
39 Libya 0
40 Maldives 0
41 Mauritania 0
42 Morocco 0
43 Mozambique 0
44 Niger 0
45 Nigeria 0
46 Pakistan 0
47 Senegal 0
48 Sierra Leone 0
49 Somalia 0
50 Suriname 0
51 Syria 0
52 Tajikistan 0
53 Tunisia 0
54 Turkmenistan 0
55 Uganda 0
56 Uzbekistan 0
57 Yemen 0
Total 884

 

4. Major research area 

Medicine, Engineering, Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Environmental Science and Computer Science, Physics and Astronomy and Social Sciences  are the major research are of OIC countries.

Table 4: Major five research areas of OIC countries

Name of the country

Top Five Research Areas 

1

2

3

4

5

Afghanistan Medicine – 113 Social Science – 48 Agriculture and Biological Sciences-40 Mathematics -40 Environmental Sciences -39
Albania Medicine 187 Social Sciences – 92 Computer Science – 91 Engineering – 91 Environmental Science – 89
Algeria Engineering (2,800) Computer Science (1,872) Mathematics (1,545) Physics and Astronomy (1,485) Materials Science (1,379)
Azerbaijan Physics and Astronomy (461) Engineering (360) Mathematics (329) Materials Science (261) Chemistry (258)
Bahrain Medicine (370) Computer Science (167) Business, Management and Accounting (148) Engineering (140) Social Sciences (126)
Bangladesh Medicine (2,273) Engineering (1,949) Computer Science (1,722) Agricultural and Biological Sciences (1,220) Environmental Science (1,014)
Benin Agricultural and Biological Sciences (227) Medicine (199) Environmental Science (111) Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (89) Social Sciences (72)
Brunei Engineering (148) Medicine (108) Materials Science (105) Environmental Science (97) Social Sciences (97)
Burkina Faso Medicine (298) Agricultural and Biological Sciences (162) Environmental Science (91) Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (90) Immunology and Microbiology (80)
Cameroon Medicine (699) Agricultural and Biological Sciences (394) Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (306) Physics and Astronomy (259) Environmental Science (203)
Chad Medicine (29) Immunology and Microbiology (14) Agricultural and Biological Sciences (9) Engineering (9) Materials Science (9)
Comoros Agricultural and Biological Sciences 6 Environmental Science (11) Earth and Planetary Sciences 2 Environmental Science 2 Immunology and Microbiology 2
Djibouti Agricultural and Biological Sciences 13 Environmental Science 7 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology 6  Medicine 5 Earth and Planetary Sciences 4
Egypt Medicine (7,760) Engineering (6,293) Chemistry (4,526) Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (4,413) Materials Science (4,247)
Gabon Medicine (106) Agricultural and Biological Sciences (57) Immunology and Microbiology (43) Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (32) Multidisciplinary (23)
Gambia Medicine (171) Immunology and Microbiology (51) Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (43) Agricultural and Biological Sciences (32) Nursing (19)
Guinea Medicine (247) Agricultural and Biological Sciences (79) Immunology and Microbiology (65) Environmental Science (52) Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (51)
Guinea-Bissau Medicine (53) Immunology and Microbiology (15) Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (9) Multidisciplinary (5) Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (5)
Guyana Medicine 27 Agricultural and Biological Sciences (20) Social Sciences (16) Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (11) Environmental Science (11)
Indonesia Engineering (10,949) Environmental Science (9,897) Physics and Astronomy (9,442) Earth and Planetary Sciences (7,841) Social Sciences (6,511)
Iran Medicine (18,116) Engineering (17,013) Materials Science (9,954) Chemistry (9,468) Physics and Astronomy (8,834)
Iraq Engineering (5,543) Materials Science (3,386) Medicine (3,008) Computer Science (2,673) Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (2,565)
Ivory Coast Medicine (213)  Agricultural and Biological Sciences (187)  Environmental Science (106)  Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (101)  Social Sciences (85)
Jordan Medicine (1,527) Engineering (1,425) Computer Science (1,371) Social Sciences(931) Mathematics(641)
Kazakhstan Engineering (1,268) Social Sciences (820)  Physics and Astronomy (809) Materials Science (748) Computer Science (745)
Kuwait Medicine(653)  Engineering (511)  Computer Science (274)  Environmental Science (243)  Social Sciences (243)
Kyrgyzstan    Medicine (132)  Engineering (95)  Environmental Science (93)  Earth and Planetary Sciences (83)  Computer Science (74)
Lebanon Medicine(2,054)  Engineering (668)  Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (520)  Computer Science (515)  Social Sciences(413) 
Libya Engineering(162)  Computer Science(148)  Medicine(130)  Environmental Science(85)  Agricultural and Biological Sciences (84)
Malaysia Engineering (11,305)  Materials Science (6,275)  Computer Science (5,897)  Medicine (5,345)  Physics and Astronomy (4,721)
Maldives Agricultural and Biological Sciences (30)  Environmental Science (27)  Medicine (21)  Earth and Planetary Sciences (12)  Engineering (11)
Mali Medicine(188)  Agricultural and Biological Sciences(73)  Immunology and Microbiology(59)  Environmental Science(48)  Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(4)
Mauritania Medicine(35)  Engineering (13)  Mathematics(13)  Environmental Science(12)  Physics and Astronomy(9)
Morocco Engineering(2,732)  Computer Science(2,580)  Mathematics(1,774)  Medicine(1,551)  Physics and Astronomy(1,230)
Mozambique Medicine(319)  Agricultural and Biological Sciences(152)  Environmental Science(96)  Social Sciences(83)  Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(79) 
Niger Medicine(93)  Agricultural and Biological Sciences(43)  Environmental Science(34)  Social Sciences(31)  Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(25)
Nigeria Medicine(3,517)  Social Sciences(2,085)  Engineering(1,986)  Agricultural and Biological Sciences(1,801)  Environmental Science(1,659)
Oman Medicine(619)  Engineering(560)  Computer Science(417)  Social Sciences(323)  Environmental Science(311) 
Pakistan Engineering(5,840)  Medicine(5,541)  Computer Science(4,457)  Physics and Astronomy(3,986)  Materials Science(3,970)
Palestine Medicine(289)  Engineering(236)  Computer Science(177)  Social Sciences(170)  Physics and Astronomy(155)
Qatar Medicine(1,618)  Engineering(1,149)  Computer Science(924)  Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(698)  Materials Science(573)
Saudi Arabia Engineering(7,868)  Medicine(7,352)  Materials Science(5,905)  Computer Science(5,819)  Chemistry(5,404)
Senegal Medicine(349)  Agricultural and Biological Sciences(168)  Mathematics(137)  Computer Science(133)  Engineering(110)
Sierra Leone Medicine(136)  Social Sciences(32)  Agricultural and Biological Sciences(30)  Environmental Science(29)  Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(21)
Somalia Medicine(66)  Social Sciences(13)  Immunology and Microbiology(11)  Agricultural and Biological Sciences(10)  Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(10)
Sudan Medicine(467)  Agricultural and Biological Sciences(250)  Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(198)  Engineering(150)  Computer Science(103)
Suriname Medicine(34)  Agricultural and Biological Sciences(13)  Environmental Science(10)  Social Sciences(7)  Multidisciplinary(6)
Syria Medicine(454) Social Sciences(261) Agricultural and Biological Sciences(166) Engineering(159) Environmental Science(140)
Tajikistan Engineering(86)  Earth and Planetary Sciences(67)  Physics and Astronomy(64)  Materials Science(57)  Environmental Science(47)
Togo Medicine(82)  Agricultural and Biological Sciences(71)  Environmental Science(44)  Social Sciences(25)  Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(24)
Tunisia Engineering(2,105)  Computer Science(1,810)  Medicine(1,647)  Mathematics(1,220)  Materials Science(998) 
Turkey Medicine(20,225)  Engineering(9,346)  Computer Science(5,816)  Physics and Astronomy(5,530)  Materials Science(5,457) 
Turkmenistan Energy(4)  Mathematics(4)  Earth and Planetary Sciences(3)  Engineering(3)  Agricultural and Biological Sciences(2)
Uganda Medicine(1,299)  Agricultural and Biological Sciences(428)  Social Sciences(388)  Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(309)  Environmental Science(233)
United Arab Emirates Engineering(2,910)  Computer Science(2,258)  Medicine(1,873)  Social Sciences(1,204)  Environmental Science(1,018)
Uzbekistan Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(1,117)  Engineering(1,079)  Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics(726)  Immunology and Microbiology(557)  Computer Science(482) 
Yemen Engineering(205)  Mathematics(205)  Computer Science(183)  Materials Science(174)  Physics and Astronomy(171)

 

Concluding Remarks

This is not a complete picture of publications in OIC member countries.  The data for total number of researchers and Gross Domestic Expenditure for R & D (GERD) are not available for majority of the OIC member countries.  Hence further analysis could not be done.

However,  research productivity  of OIC member countries in terms of publications, patents and research commercialization should be analyzed every year.

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